The first recorded production in the us of blended cement containing both slag and portland cement was in 1896. Aggregate properties significantly affect the workability of plastic concrete and also the durability, strength, thermal properties, and density of hardened concrete. The report discusses acbfs aggregate production and properties, and the properties of concrete produced with acbfs coarse aggregate. Strength development characteristics of concrete produced. Comparing properties of concrete containing electric arc. Concrete properties can be improved using fine blast furnace slag bfs. Pdf properties of blastfurnace slag cement concrete subjected. This material is obtained by the heating of iron ore, limestone and coke at a temperature about 1500 degree celsius. Conformity evaluation 2030407977 dc bs en 206 amd1. The effect of blast furnace slag on foam concrete in terms of. Ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash in concrete mixtures 6. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag, more commonly referred to as slag or slag cement, is a byproduct of steel production. Properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs at elevated temperatures. Concrete made with ggbs cement sets more slowly than concrete made with ordinary portland.
Pdf study on utilization of blast furnace slag in concrete. Variations in portland cement source caused changes in strength and. The larger flexural strength of blast furnace slag concrete is the result of the stronger bond which is achieved in cement slag aggregate system due to slag particle shape and surface texture. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is used as an additive with portland cement in combination with water and aggregates to form concrete. Production and use of blast furnace slag aggregate for concrete. Fly ash, slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans, chapter 3. Properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace. Slag is primarily composed of cao, sio 2, aluminum oxide al 2 o 3, and magnesium oxide mgo. Slag is pulverized into a fine powder called ground granulated blast furnace slag and is used in this form as a cementitious component of concrete. The size of its particles is less than 45 microns and specific surface area is about 400 to 600 m 2 kg.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash in concrete. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh calcium silicate hydrates which is a strength enhancing. Use of the cementatious properties of ground granulated blast furnace ggbf slag was reported as early as 1774. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag cement is a supplementary cementitious. In this project it is proposed to study the experimental behavior of reinforced concrete. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs the importance of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs lies in its greener way to become a substitute in concrete material.
This phenomenon occurs because the void ratio of blast furnace slag aggregates is greater than that of natural aggregates. Authors natalie peterson becknell and micah hale 8. Durability properties and microstructure of ground granulated blast. Slag cement, previously known as groundgranulated blast furnace slag \. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs has been used for many years as a supplementary cementitious material in portland cement concrete, either as a mineral admixture or as a component of blended cement. The heat of hydration is dependent on the portland. Effects of blast furnace slag as a partial replacement for. It is a nonmetallic product, consisting of silicates and aluminosilicates of. The ground granulated blast furnace slag is a byproduct of iron manufacturing industry. Blast furnace slag is nonreactive in a high alkali environment, such as concrete and soils. Slag concrete has better durability, because it has small total pore volume, proper distribution of pore diameters, dense and good bond of interface between cement and. Ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash in. Proceedings of 5th international conference on fly ash, silica fume, slag, and natural pozzolans in concrete, sp153, vol. Experimental behavior of reinforced concrete with partial.
Blast furnace slag an overview sciencedirect topics. Fly ash fly ash is the most widely used pozzolan in concrete. The geopolymer concrete has stepped in the construction industry as an alternate to the cement based concrete. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement ggbs, a byproduct in steel manufacture, has been used to improve concrete strength development during accelerated curing but poses a challenge of. Molten slag diverted from the iron blast furnace is rapidly chilled, producing glassy granules that yield. The slag shall contain no additions and shall conform to the sulfide sulfur and sulfate chemical composition requirement. All bsi british standards available online in electronic and print formats. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a byproduct from the blast furnaces used to make iron. Apart from improvement of the properties of concrete in fresh and hardened form, the use of scm has also reduced the consumption of cement in concrete, thereby reducing the emissions of co 2 in the atmosphere. One such type of byproduct from the iron smelting industry is iron slag, which is formed from the blastfurnaces of iron industry. Properties of granulated blastfurnace slag cement concrete. The slag content in cement is 50, 60, 70, and 80 percent. Blast furnace slag bfs is a product of iron production, which has been widely investigated and utilized, particularly as a supplementary cementitious material for cement or alkaliactivated material, owing to its high hydraulic property or alkali activation reactivity.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag also has a lower heat of hydration and, hence, generates less heat during concrete production and curing. A mix having the density of 0kgm3 with a proportion of 1 cement. It is used as a cementitious material in portland cement concrete. Principal research scientist the opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this report are those of the authors and not necessarily. Georgia chapter aci luncheon benefits of slag cement in. Compressive strength of concretes with blast furnace slag. These liquids exert buoyant force to the deadman which tends to float up.
Concrete property can be maintained with advanced mineral admixtures such as blast furnace slag powder as partial replacement of cement 5 to 30%. Blastfurnace slag as a mineral admixture for concrete. Torii k, sasatani t, kawamura m 1995 effects of fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume on resistance of mortar to calcium chloride attack. While blast furnace slag has a long history of use as an industrial byproduct, going back almost 100 years in the united states and 150 years in europe 8, steel slag was less popular. This study is a part of an ongoing research studying the effect of blast furnace slag as a binder and filler replacement on the properties of fresh and hardened foam concrete. Properties of concrete with ground granulated blast. The main byproducts of the steel industry, blast furnace bf slag and steelmaking sm slag, can partially replace cement in concrete because of its potential hydraulicity 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9. Autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage occur in. Pdf the paper presents the results of experimental research that dealt with the. The ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a byproduct of iron manufacturing which when added to concrete improves its properties such as workability, strength and durability. Gbfs is said to increase durability of concrete due to an increased setting time, which reduces.
Slag cement is a hydraulic cement formed when granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is ground to suitable fineness and is used to replace a portion of portland cement. Lung yunxia et al 9 studied enhancing the volume stability of mortar using steel slag as fine aggregate. It is concluded that the specific heat and thermal diffusivity decreases linearly with the. Fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement manufacturing. Replace no more than 50 percent of the cement by weight. Pdf the present study evaluated the combined effects of organicmineral additive based on a superplasticizer sr 5000f and the active mineral additive.
In this study, moderate heat portland cement, in which the fineness is 300 mkg, and granulated blast furnace slag, in which the fineness is 300, 400, 500, and 600 mkg, were made. Ggbfs was first used in lime mortar production as early as the 1700s. Pdf accelerated curing is used for mass production in the precast concrete industry. History and utilization of portland blast furnace slag. Various effects of blast furnace slag in concrete production are reiterated by kim et al.
Influence of granulated blast furnace slag on mechanical. Ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete and its. Abstract ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs, which is a byproduct of the manufacturing of iron in the blast furnace, can partially replace cement in concrete. Slag cement is often referred to as ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs. The effect of blast furnace slag on foam concrete in terms. Blast furnace slag, coarse aggregate, concrete pavement. Blast furnace cement pbfc and high slag blast furnace cement hsbfc, with ggbs content ranging typically from 30 to 70% and in the production of readymixed or sitebatched durable concrete. Effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag as partial.
This blast furnace slag is used to make a cementitious material by grinding it into a fine powder, which is called. This specification covers three strength grades of finely ground granulated blast furnace slag grades 80, 100, and 120 for use as a cementitious material in concrete and mortars. When the tap hole is closed, the amounts of slag and hot metal start building up in the bf. As an alternative material for lowheat cement, granulated blast furnace slag can be considered. Properties of hardened concrete with blast furnace slag. When used as part of a portland cement concrete, slag reacts with both the water latent hydraulic reaction and the. Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in.
A total of 14 foam concrete mixes were prepared under a design density of 1,300 kgm3, two different fillertobinder ratios, and cement replacement levels of 3070% of the. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Effect of blast furnace slag powder on compressive strength. Ground granulated blast furnace slag consists of silicates and aluminates of calcium and other bases. Effect of blast furnace slag powder on compressive. Blast furnace slag as a mineral admixture for concrete materials. Founded in 1904 and headquartered in farmington hills, michigan, usa, the american concrete institute is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development, dissemination, and adoption of its consensusbased standards, technical resources, educational programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete design. The specific heat is determined for hardening cement paste samples made with blast furnace slag cement. Lane senior research scientist celik ozyildirim, ph. When ironore, coke and limestone melt in the blast furnace, two products are producedmolten iron, and molten slag. The use of ggbs in concrete has proved to improve certain properties, when compared to portland cement concretes. Fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement manufacturing gbfs is slag from the iron production in basic oxygen furnaces. Bridge deck fly ash or ground granulated blastfurnace slag concrete overlay effective. Pdf properties of blastfurnace slag cement concrete.
Ladle containing molten blast furnace slag being dumped into a cooling pit at the ford. Performing organization name and address university of arkansas. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs chemical. It consists of nonmetallic minerals, which are tapped off from the blast furnace while molten. Note 1 the material described in this specification may be used for blending with portland cement to produce a cement meeting the requirements of specification c 595 or as a separate. Features blast furnace slag as a mineral admixture for concrete finely ground slag may be blended with portland cement or added to other ingredients at the mixer. Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in portland. The blast furnace slag takes part in the concrete has a better workability with slump without water reducing agents, a higher strength at old age and low heat of water hydration.
Standard specification for slag cement for use in concrete. Ground granulated blast furnace slag, more commonly referred to as slag or slag cement, is a byproduct of steel production. Ggbf slag has been used in concrete in japan and western europe since the 1940s. Strength and durability of concrete with blast furnace slag core. Pumpability of blastfurnace slag aggregate concrete. Laboratory and field studies were conducted on blast furnace slag aggregates to establish nationwide material standards and recommended practices. Slag is composed of calcium oxide cao, silica sio2 and alumina al203. Slag cement is often referred to as ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs. Use of aircooled blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate in. Report date march 2006 ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash in concrete mixtures. Blast furnance slag user guideline portland cement. Standard specification for ground granulated blastfurnace.
Compressive strength of blast furnace slag concrete with different dosage of slag was studied as a partial replacement of cement. Slag cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs, granulated blast furnace slag gbfs, slag product form. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs, sometimes simply referred to as slag, is a glassy granular material formed when molten blastfurnace slag is rapidly chilled, as by immersion in water. The exploitation of blast furnace slag as sand replacement. Pdf ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs or ggbfs. Results indicated that there are different factors affecting the improvement in volume stability, such as. Granulated blast furnace slag has a cellular structure resulting from rapid quenching in water, is cementitious in nature, and sets to form a solid concrete like mass. One such type of byproduct from the iron smelting industry is iron slag, which is formed from the blast furnaces of iron industry. It is a recovered industrial byproduct of an iron blast furnace. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs is a green construction material used to produce durable concrete.
Abstract ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs, which is a byproduct of the manufacturing of iron in the blast furnace, can partially replace cement in concrete. According to previous studies, about 70% of the total production of bf slag has been used as a replacement for portland cement due to its numerous. This report presents available information regarding the use of aircooled blast furnace slag acbfs as coarse aggregate in concrete pavements. However, this statement can be considered only partially correct. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs, sometimes simply referred to as slag, is a glassy granular material formed when molten blast furnace slag is rapidly chilled, as by immersion in water. Ggbs being a waste material, it needs proper method for disposal.
Slag forms when iron ore is melted and reduced into molten pig iron in blast furnaces. Specification, performance, production and conformity 1430266738 dc bs iso 177851. Thereafter, the two were unified as jis a 50111 slag aggregate for concrete, part 1 blast furnace slag aggregate. The amount of slag generation is roughly 300 kg per ton of pig iron produced, and the annual production of blast furnace slag bf slag in japan exceeds 24. Ggbs slag is obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder.
The scaling resistance of all grade 120 slag cement concrete was within acceptable limits. Hiraskar and chetan patil abstractthe iron industries produce a huge quantity of blast furnace slag as byproduct, which is a nonbiodegradable waste material from that only a small percentage of it is used by cement industries to manufacture cement. Many of the research about geopolymer concrete states that it has potential to replace the cement based concrete in many countries. By processing blast furnace slag into slag cement or slag aggregate, the material is diverted from landfills. Common uses are as aggregates in readymix concrete, precast concrete, hot mix asphalt aggregate, septic drain fields and pipe backfill. Strength and durability characteristics of 70% ground. When this slag is actively cooled and ground, gbfs is produced, which can be utilised as a cement or concrete addition. Properties of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace. Iron blast furnace slag aggregate for concrete in 1977 and fine bf slag aggregate as jis a 5012 water granulated iron blast furnace slag aggregate for concrete in 1981. Hiraskar and chetan patil abstractthe iron industries produce a huge quantity of blast furnace slag as byproduct, which is a nonbiodegradable waste material from that only a small percentage of it is used by.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag, blast furnace slag sand, carbonation. Groundgranulated blastfurnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. So incorporating this waste material in concrete can reduce the depletion of conventional concrete components such as cement, fine. Slag cement benefits and use in concrete slag cement news. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a nonmetallic product obtained as a byproduct from the blast furnaces used to make iron. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag gcp applied technologies. Slag concrete slag concrete slag slag concrete r1 aggregate cement r1 gives of lime caoh r2. The molten slag has a composition of about 30% to 40% sio 2. This can perhaps be explained by the vast amount of blast furnace slag available 6. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is commonly used in combination with portland cement in concrete for many applications10,11 7.
The latter was used to replace cement in concrete at 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% proportions and properties of both fresh and hardened concrete improved. Ggbs ground granulated blast furnace slag for concrete. Blast furnace slag concrete can be reliably pumped when the slag is supplied to the readymix production in a saturated condition. This work shall consist of the preparation of the existing concrete bridge deck and the construction of a fly ash or ground granulated blast furnace ggbf slag concrete overlay to. Use of aircooled blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate. As a result, ggbfs is a desirable material to utilize in mass concrete placements where. Ceslagasconcreteaggregate inthelatterpartof1919abriefsummaryoftestsoncrushed blastfurnaceslagasaggregateforconcretewaspreparedbythe bureau. Ground granulated blast furnace ggbf slag used in concrete. Absorption of aircooled blast furnace slag kept in water was 2 to 9 times that of natural gravel, while that under pressure of 2.
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